What are Rubies? Identification & Red Flags
To identify rubies effectively, examine their color, clarity, and origin, along with potential treatments and simulants. Genuine rubies are typically a vibrant red, often with slight inclusions. Be cautious of enhancements, such as heat treatment, and familiarise yourself with simulants like glass or synthetic rubies.
Understanding the True Color of Rubies
The most valued rubies display a deep, blood-red hue, often referred to as "pigeon's blood". This term highlights the ideal saturation and tone. Rubies typically range from 1 to 3 carats, with larger stones often commanding a higher price per carat. For example, stones over 5 carats can exceed $10,000 per carat based on quality.
Natural vs. Treated Rubies
Many rubies undergo treatments to enhance their color and clarity. Heat treatment is common, affecting about 90% of rubies on the market. While this practice is accepted, untreated rubies receive a premium, often 20-50% higher in price. Always request certification to verify treatment status.
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Common Simulants of Rubies
Simulants can be misleading. Glass and synthetic corundum are the most prevalent simulants for rubies. Glass may contain air bubbles, while synthetic rubies can be visually indistinguishable from natural ones. A gemologist can use tools like a refractometer to measure the refractive index, which for rubies is approximately 1.76 to 1.77.
Key Red Flags When Purchasing Rubies
- Check for inclusions: Natural rubies typically have inclusions, while simulants may appear flawless.
- Examine the price: If a ruby is significantly cheaper than market rates, it may be a treated or synthetic stone.
- Request documentation: Always ask for a gemological report to confirm authenticity and treatment.
- Inspect the cut: A poorly cut ruby can look dull, while a well-crafted one enhances its brilliance.
Certification and Provenance
Certification from reputable gemological laboratories, such as the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) or the American Gemological Society (AGS), provides assurance of a ruby's quality. These reports detail the stone's characteristics, including carat weight, cut, color, clarity, and treatment.
Ruby price guide
Ruby price guide (per carat, USD)
Based on 324 ruby in stock, updated October 19, 2026.
Frequently asked questions
What is the ideal color of a ruby?+
The ideal color of a ruby is often referred to as 'pigeon's blood', a deep, vivid red with strong saturation.
How can I tell if a ruby is natural or synthetic?+
Natural rubies typically have inclusions, while synthetic ones can appear flawless. A refractometer test can also help differentiate between the two.
Are treated rubies still valuable?+
Yes, treated rubies are still valuable, but untreated stones command a premium, often 20-50% higher.
What are the common simulants for rubies?+
Common simulants include glass and synthetic corundum, which can be visually similar but lack the same properties as natural rubies.
Why is certification important when buying a ruby?+
Certification confirms the ruby's authenticity, quality, and any treatments it may have undergone, providing peace of mind for the buyer.
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